12/14/2023 0 Comments Canola oil production by countryĪ genetically engineered rapeseed that is tolerant to the herbicide Roundup (glyphosate) was first introduced to Canada in 1995 ( Roundup Ready). The change in name serves to distinguish it from natural rapeseed oil, which has much higher erucic acid content. Canola was originally a trademark name of the Rapeseed Association of Canada, and the name was a condensation of "Can" from Canada and "OLA" meaning "Oil, low acid", but is now a generic term for edible varieties of rapeseed oil in North America and Australasia. Stefansson in the early 1970s, having then a different nutritional profile than present-day oil in addition to much less erucic acid. rapa at the University of Manitoba, Canada, by Keith Downey and Baldur R. Ĭanola was bred from rapeseed cultivars of B. It also contained a high concentration of erucic acid. Rapeseed oil had a distinctive taste and a greenish colour, due to the presence of chlorophyll. Rapeseed oil extracts were first put on the market in 1956–1957 as food products, but these suffered from several unacceptable characteristics. : 55 Its use in Northern Europe for oil lamps is documented to the 13th century. Brassica oilseed varieties are some of the oldest plants cultivated by humanity, with documentation of its use in India 4,000 years ago, and use in China and Japan 2,000 years ago. Turnip, rutabaga (swede), cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and mustard are related to rapeseed. The name for rapeseed comes from the Latin word rapum meaning turnip. In France and Denmark, especially, the extraction of the oil is an important industry. Rapeseed is extensively cultivated in Canada, France, Belgium, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Poland. In commerce, non-food varieties are typically called colza oil. These low levels of erucic acid do not cause harm in humans. Canola oil is limited by government regulation to a maximum of 2% erucic acid by weight in the US, and the EU, with special regulations for infant food. Also known as low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil, it has been generally recognized as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Ĭanola oil is a food-grade version derived from rapeseed cultivars specifically bred for low erucic acid content. Rapeseed oil from standard cultivars can contain up to 54% erucic acid. Historically, it was restricted as a food oil due to its content of erucic acid, which in laboratory studies was shown to be damaging to the cardiac muscle of laboratory animals in high quantities and which imparts a bitter taste, and glucosinolates, which made it less nutritious in animal feed. There are both edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae. Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. United States - canola oil has GRAS (generally recognised as safe) status in the United States see Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 21, Section 184.Close-up of canola blooms Canola flower Rapeseed oil obtained as an experiment. More informationįSANZ Technical report 21 - Erucic acid in food The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has also stated that canola oil has the potential to help consumers achieve dietary goals because it has the lowest concentration of saturated fatty acids (7% of total fatty acids) of all oils commonly consumed globally. The amount of erucic acid consumed by Australian and New Zealand consumers is well below levels that may potentially cause harm. It has been used safely by a large proportion of the population for many years. The safety of canola oil has been thoroughly examined and confirmed by FSANZ and various other regulatory agencies including the United States Food and Drug Administration, and Health Canada. This resulted in the selective breeding of low erucic acid varieties. Erucic acid has been linked to adverse effects in animals at very high levels. Canola oil falls under Standard 2.4.1 – Edible Oils of the Food Standards Code.Įarly rapeseed varieties were very high in erucic acid (30–60% of the total fatty acids) and were therefore unsuitable for consumption by humans and animals. Canola oil is produced from the seeds of these varieties, which have been bred to contain less than 2% erucic acid in the oil. The term “canola” refers to specific varieties of the oilseed rape species and the oil and seeds obtained from these plants.
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